With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its potential in improving teaching efficiency andlearning experience is becoming increasingly apparent. In higher education institutions, human-machine collaborative teachingmodels should be actively explored, and the teaching process should be optimized with the help of AI technology to achieve efficientinteraction between teachers and students. This paper discusses the application of AI technology principles in the field of educationin detail, and analyzes the design framework of the human-machine collaborative teaching model, including the architecture of themodel, the application of key technologies, and how to build a personalized learning path. At the same time, it analyzes the teachinginteraction and feedback mechanism, including the collaborative working mode between teachers and AI systems, the interactionmode between students and AI, and the real-time feedback and evaluation mechanism realized through AI systems.