This paper deeply studies the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) distribution network inspection device based on LoRa communication technology in partial discharge detection. It systematically explores various optimization methods such as data processing and analysis algorithms, real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment technology, energy management and flight efficiency optimization, as well as fault prediction and health assessment. The effectiveness of these optimization strategies has been verified through technical application testing, and the results show that the system can significantly improve inspection efficiency, reduce labor costs, and enhance the reliability and safety of the power system.