In this paper, the propagation characteristics of medium wave broadcast signals under complex terrain conditions are analyzed and verified. First, the basic characteristics of medium wave broadcast signals are sorted out, and the specific effects of different terrain structures on signal propagation, such as signal attenuation, reflection and path diversification, are discussed. Secondly, through field tests, signal data under various terrains are collected, and statistical analysis methods are used to compare the data differences, and the influencing factors are summarized. Finally, a series of signal optimization strategies are proposed, including hardware enhancement and software algorithm adjustment, and adaptive propagation models are formulated for specific terrain, aiming to improve the propagation efficiency and quality of medium wave broadcast signals in complex terrain.