In the fields of image recognition and natural language processing, the application of deep learning is increasingly widespread, promoting the innovation and progress of intelligent systems. This paper analyzes the core mechanism and application scenarios of deep learning, focusing on the excellent performance of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and residual networks (ResNet) in image classification. Finally, an image recognition model based on deep learning is constructed, and the performance of the approximate model is demonstrated through detailed data analytics. In addition, the practical application of computer intelligent information processing technology in various fields is also discussed, showing the application potential of deep learning in the field of information processing.